This paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah ruhollah played in the iranian revolution. This is not merely a theoretical debate but a crisis situation where some women. Postwar iraq together with additional views, 25 may 2007. In revolutionary iran, michael axworthy guides us through recent iranian history from shortly before the 1979 islamic revolution through the summer of 2009, when iranians poured into the streets of tehran by the hundreds of thousands, demanding free, democratic government. The islamic revolutions of west africa on the frontiers of the islamic world david robinson february 2008 introduction it is difficult to know how to create comparability for. Iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. Ideology, politics, and the development of military power in iran 19792009 by. The iranian revolution 1977 1979 download pdf version by stephen zunes april 2009. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Its challenge to the west the ideological engine powering the iranian regimes race for regional supremacy is among the more misunderstood and ignored aspects of irans political and military activity in the middle east. In 1953, the democratic government of iran was overthrown in a us backed coup. Would iran be doing much better now if the islamic revolution.
Mojahedin of the islamic revolution organization was an umbrella political organization in iran, founded in 1979 by unification of seven underground islamist revolutionary paramilitary and civil organizations which previously fought against the pahlavi monarchy. The islamic state caliphate is supposed to conform to the pure, salafi vision of the prophets initial followers ie of the salaf, or forebears. Some rightwing members founded society of devotees of the islamic revolution in late1990s. The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. Leftwing members of the organization decided to resume activities in 1991 and established leftist mojahedin of the islamic revolution of iran organization adding the words of iran to the name which later emerged as a reformist party.
The islamic revolution of monotheism opened the doors of research and investigation by displacing nature from its sacred pedestal. At the first signs of escalating unrest in early 1978, neither iranian nor u. Modern science is wholly the gift of the islamic revolution directly in its initial stages, and indirectly in its later stages. We begin with the bestknown work of imam khomeini, his lectures on islamic government, and then proceed to offer a selection of his speeches and declarations, which, chronologically arranged, form an outline documentary history of the islamic revolution. Here again, the pattern a revolt at the heart of a plural country and the consolidation of a. Mehdi bazargan, resigned, resulting in the consolidation of power in the. Nov 25, 2019 heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. Supporters of the revolution are still the leaders of the country. Iran, meaning the land of aryans in persian, is a relatively large country enjoying a strategic position in the persian gulf. Jul 06, 2015 you shouldnt compare iran to saudi arabia. In 1979, an islamic revolution overthrew the western friendly shah. The islamic revolutions of west africa on the frontiers. The unique concept of islamic democracy is apparently an attempt to seek and establish a new identity for the iranian society with deeply rooted cultural diversity and religious beliefs. Many researchers believe that islamic revolution is a part of a turning point of an i.
Consolidation of power, middle eastern studies, 37. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. The islamic revolutions of west africa on the frontiers of the islamic world david robinson february 2008 introduction it is difficult to know how to create comparability for the politics of islamic reform in sub. Supreme council for islamic revolution in iraq sciri. The caliphate is an attractor to all of these young people, providing purpose and freedom from what they have come to see as the vice of a meaningless, material world. Based on the scholarly literature, the study argues that it was only ruhollah. Throughout islamic history, the religion of islam has been used to legitimise political assassinations, hostage taking, suicide bombing, invasion and violent revolution. Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that. Pdf foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution.
The islamic revolutions of west africa on the frontiers of. Second edition the making of irans islamic revolution. Western africa the islamic revolution in the western sudan. This revolution was termed as the islamic revolution as the country had lost its islamic ideology throughout the shahs rule and struggle was to re instate the islam ic values and the sharia. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeconomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of iranian society in. In some of its basic characteristics, the revolution did not conform to the usual norms of western revolutions, because the state did not represent just an ordinary dictatorship but an absolute and arbitrary system that lacked political legitimacy and a social base virtually across the whole of the society.
Dec 03, 20 the iranian revolution has been called a revolution for every theory, and indeed many scholars have tried to analyze it through various theoretical lens parsa 3. The iranian revolution at 30 middle east institute. It featured an organized alliance of opposition groups, each with their own distinct grievances and revolutionary goals. Whether sullivans idea could have worked is one of the most compelling whatifs of modern history. Pdf the iranian revolution at 30 roschanack shaery. Mojahedin of the islamic revolution organization wikipedia. The author is deepy indebted to arif shamim of karachi and farooq siddiqui of texas for their intellectual contribution to this work in addition to thus speaks the bible and hindu fundamentalism. Doctor of philosophy history in the university of michigan.
The three paradoxes of the islamic revolution in iran. All criticism of the author in this book is directed to the. Triumphs and tragedies of the iranian revolution idaho state. Thirty years on, and better late than never, iran is a more prosperous country than under the pahlavi. The islamic revolution in the western sudan dominance of tuareg and amazigh tribes. Guardians of the islamic revolution deep blue university of. Supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, irans islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free. Iranian historyayatollah khomeini and the islamic revolution.
Iranian revolution, popular uprising in 197879 that resulted in the fall of the pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an islamic republic. If you look thoroughly enough, chances are that will end up learning a lot of new things. Roots of iranian revolution at 1979 nail kayapinar the objective of this paper is realize the main reasons of the islamic revolution in iran in 1979 and see what is changed by revolution. These are followed by two interviews that imam khomeini granted me. Start studying causes and effects of iranian revolution.
If you want to have full control over the world of internet marketing, there are different kinds of aspects that you need to look into. The islamic revolution the tawheed, which muhammad s propagated, was distinct from all other ideas because it was based on two principles. From the islamic revolution to the islamic republic of iran. May 04, 2015 in 1953, the democratic government of iran was overthrown in a us backed coup.
The iranian revolution also known as the islamic revolution, persian. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran. Viewpoints special edition the iranian revolution at 30 the middle east institute. Iranian revolution 1979 fall of a shah 1 of 10 bbc. The organization was firmly allied with the ruling islamic republican party and was given a share of power and three of its members were appointed as government ministers under pm mirhossein mousavi. Causes and effects of iranian revolution flashcards quizlet. Hardened opponents of the revolution would no doubt argue that khomeini not only had a long record of criticising the united states but was also determined, by whichever means possible, to install an islamic fundamentalist regime. There were more than 40,000 vaqfholdings lands endowed for charitable purposes in 1960.
The revolution of february 1979 was a revolt of the society against the state. T he islamic republic of iran that emerged from the revolution of 1979 has lasted quite well. It was a revolution in the true sense of the concept for its lust for justice, liberty and equality. In 1979, a drastic change has been occurred in iran. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979 massoumeh torfeh and annabelle sreberny in the recent political crisis in iran that followed the contested presidential elections of 12 june, 2009, bbc persian television henceforth bbcptv that had started in. The fifth essay, religion, the most important element in the islamic revolution s victory, is a selection from the book the islamic revolution and its roots. Women and the islamic revolution introduction defining the role of women in islamic society has been an issue for debate in postrevolutionary iran, particularly in light of recent rulings affecting women. The islamic revolution in iran studies in middle eastern history arjomand, said amir on. The islamic revolution impacted other islamic countries by showing how to fight against modernization. Islamic revolution changing the world of business for muslims.
Just because they both sell oil, doesnt make them similar in other aspects. Ayatollah khomeini start a movement base on pure islamic thought ashura and made a social movement that an islamic republic government concluded from that. Mar 01, 20 t he islamic republic of iran that emerged from the revolution of 1979 has lasted quite well. W the above volume has for many years been the most important reference for outlining the general course of the roots of the islamic revolution in iranian universities. Sixth, the land reform generated acrimony between the ulama and the shahs regime. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. February 2009 marks the 30th anniversary of ayatollah khomeinis return to tehran and the overthrowing of the shah. Supreme council for islamic revolution in iraq sciri supreme assembly of the islamic revolution in iraq sairi although iraqs shias constitute about half of the countrys population, iraqs government has been traditionally dominated by the countrys sunni minority. Each special issue of viewpoints will combine the diverse commentaries of policymakers and. Since 1988 iran is officially known as the islamic republic of iran. The iranian revolution was the islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of shah mohammad reza pahlavi with a religious republic led by. Each special issue of viewpoints will combine the diverse commentaries of.
Formerly known as persia, iran adopted its current name in 1935. For the first two to three decades after the 1979 islamic revolution, the iranianled axis of resistance was little more than rhetoric, ascribing greater unity of effort to an amalgam of. I dont know where iran would be, but i can tell you where it is. Mohammadi, in interpreting the causes of the revolutions victory, first introduces the people and then explains leadership and religion as the most important factors. The moroccan occupation of the niger bend in 1591 meant that the domination of the western sudan by mande or mandeinspired empiresghana, mali, songhaiwhich had persisted for at least five centuries, was at last ended.
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